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Jeudi (11/05/06)
Politique, religion, homosexualité, concubinage, mariages mixtes
L'Hebdo Magazine Nº 2531 du Vendredi 12 Mai 2006
- Le printemps des interrogations
- Mariage civil: direction Chypre
Ils s'appellent Abdallah, Pauline, Suzanne, Hamad ou Joséphine. Ils sont chrétiens, musulmans ou druzes. Ils ont chacun leur propre histoire, leur propre vécu. Pourtant, un facteur commun les rassemble: leur | |||
Ecrit par laurencia à 23:23 dans ARTICLES DE PRESSE Lu 1584 fois.
Mardi (06/12/05)
La Voix de la femme libanaise lance un appel au parrainage d’enfants défavorisés
L 'orient le jour Décembre 2005
Ecrit par laurencia à 16:23 dans ARTICLES DE PRESSE Lu 1543 fois.
Vendredi (12/08/05)
De nombreux experts regrettent l' absence de progrés au Liban en faveur des femmes
juillet 2005
Comité pour l’élimination de la discrimination à l’égard des femmes
Ecrit par Origines Liban à 23:33 dans ARTICLES DE PRESSE Lu 1680 fois.
Mardi (05/07/05)
L'expérience de l'abandon et de l'adoption
Femme Magazine
Ecrit par Origines Liban à 21:42 dans ARTICLES DE PRESSE Lu 938 fois.
«La nécessité instinctive de découvrir mon identité»Alexandrine Siham
L'Hebdo Magazine Vendredi 05 Novembre 2004
Ecrit par Origines Liban à 21:22 dans ARTICLES DE PRESSE Lu 1047 fois.
Mercredi (20/10/04)
Un message d’amour dans « L’enfant du secret »
L' orient le jour 21.10.2004
| Salon du livre - Un message d’amour dans « L’enfant du secret » Le cri de souffrance d’Alexandrine Siham |
Alexandrine Siham, c’est « l’enfant du secret », l’enfant aux deux prénoms, l’enfant aux deux identités. La première, l’originale, la Libanaise, c’est Siham ou plutôt Siham Nelly qui, jusqu’à l’âge de 4 ans, était une enfant abandonnée, illégitime, une enfant de la honte recueillie par les religieuses de la crèche Saint-Vincent-de-Paul et à laquelle elles ont donné un nom, une identité. La seconde, Alexandrine, est de nationalité française. Elle a aujourd’hui 39 ans. Née à l’âge de 4 ans, alors qu’elle venait d’être adoptée par un couple de Français, elle tente de trouver sa place dans un monde auquel elle ne s’identifie pas. Brune à la peau mate, dans une famille de blonds aux yeux bleus, elle souffre de ne pouvoir être la petite fille modèle tant désirée. Elle souffre surtout du déracinement de son pays d’origine, le Liban, de ce passé que ses parents adoptifs tentent d’occulter, mais qui resurgit dans ses cauchemars d’enfant et ses rêves les plus fous. Rebelle, tant dans son aspect physique que dans son comportement, elle exprime sa souffrance à travers ses actes, ses paroles, ses interrogations. Siham Nelly au Liban, Alexandrine en France, la jeune femme ne se sent ni tout à fait libanaise ni tout à fait française. Tout juste une étrangère ici ou là, mais une étrangère partout ailleurs aussi. |
Ecrit par Origines Liban à 21:14 dans ARTICLES DE PRESSE Lu 1655 fois.
Mardi (07/09/04)
An evolving culture of adoption in Lebanon?Religion, civil war history affect families
By Jessy Chahine Daily Star Wednesday, September 08, 2004
In some areas of the country where adopting is still looked down upon, 'fostering' is a more palatable option Kona Body"> BEIRUT: Twenty-four years ago, Nadia and Kamal decided to adopt a child while on a visit to lebanon. "I still remember it as if it were yesterday," said Nadia, who has lived in the U.S. since the 1960's. At the time, the couple was contacted by a friend who was a doctor, as he looking someone to adopt a newborn. The couple decided to adopt the little boy despite the fact that they already had a two-year old daughter, Aya. "The doctor told me that the father of the child was killed in the war, that his mother had died in labor and that he was going to be placed in an orphanage since no one in his family wanted to look after him," Nadia added. "I don't know what came over me, but it was a spur of the moment decision and I instantly knew that I wanted this child." While the couple's decision to adopt Nabil was prompted by compassion, for other couples desperate for a child, adoption is the only option. Either way, experts argue, Lebanese law does not make the prospect easy since all family matters are dealt with by religious courts, which differ according to the community. While adoption is prohibited in Islam, couples have the option of being legal guardians of a child who they raise as their own, but who does not take their name. Ibrahim Traboulsi, a lawyer and professor of family law at Saint Joseph University, said that children can be adopted from an orphanage, the hospital in which they are born or directly from the biological parents - who must in turn sign a release for the child. "Once a child has been found, the prospective parents must then approach the courts with all the necessary documents," Traboulsi said. Among the Lebanese christian community, full adoption is permitted and, except for minor details, all churches follow the same rules. In the Roman Catholic Church, adoption is also possible for single parents. According to Habib Badr, a pastor at the Evangelical Church, petitioners should be at least 18 years older than the child, who must also belong to the same community. "The (above) couple was able to adopt Nabil despite having another child because authorities were less able to exercise control during the war," the pastor said, adding that the church insists that adoptive parents should not have any other children. "The couple must also present medical proof that they are unable to have babies of their own," Badr said, "and if a woman becomes pregnant after adoption, which is a very common occurrence, the couple may keep both children." According to legal expert Abdo Abou Jaoude, biological parents lose all custody rights as soon as they sign the release. "They may, however, obtain permission to see the child if the adoptive parents agree," Abou Jaoude said, adding that there is no official authority that follows up on the welfare of a child after it is adopted. "It's up to the Ministry of Social Affairs to undertake this responsibility." In Western countries, Traboulsi said, conditions for adoption are very tough - and for justifiable reasons. "In those countries, if a child's rights are violated, he or she can be removed from the home," Traboulsi said. "This would apply for both biological and adopted children." Unfortunately, he added, by allowing religious authorities in this country to deal with such sensitive family matters without guarantees of state protection, "the government is forfeiting its responsibility." Ugarit Unan, anthropologist and pedagogist, argued that previous attempts by the ministry to prevent child abuse have proven insufficient. "We are always one step too late," Unan said, "and while adoption is relatively common in Lebanon, very few statistics on it are available. This could be, Unan said, because most adoptions are shrouded in secrecy since society tends to frown upon them. "One thing that really bothered me while I was in Lebanon was people's initial reaction when we decided to adopt Nabil," Nadia said. "They kept asking us how we could even think of adopting a child, when we didn't even know if he was Christian or Muslim." According to Unan, one reason why adoption is perceived negatively in this country is that, unlike Western societies where birth records are available for adopted children, in Lebanon, most children put up for adoption are officially regarded as "illegitimate" and in many instances have been abandoned by their parents. "All children born out of wedlock are illegitimate in the eyes of the law," Unan said, "Adoptive parents are therefore often put in a position where they don't know what they are getting themselves into."
Because of the negative aura that surrounds adoption in Lebanon; many parents choose not to tell a child that he or she is adopted. Unan said that it was not uncommon for children in this country to find out entirely by accident that they were adopted. At a certain age, Unan said, children can become very inquisitive and may begin to ask questions about why they look different from their parents. According to Unan, such a dramatic discovery about one's identity can lead to very different reactions depending, to a large extent, on the environment in which a child lives. "On one hand, in villages and other closed societies, adoption is still seen as a very negative thing, and a child who is adopted is made to feel unacceptable," Unan said. "While in more urban and open societies on the other hand, adoptive parents raise a child with the idea that he is special and was chosen from many other children available for adoption." Furthermore, Unan added, in an advanced stage of the adoption process, parents start telling their adopted children positive stories about their biological parents, and in that sense, erase any feeling of shame. Telling the truth worked well for Nadia. "From the very beginning, Nabil wasn't worried about being adopted," she said, "as far as he was concerned, there were a boy and girl, short and tall, and also adopted and biological." Neither Nabil nor his parents have any regrets, she added: "If I had to do it over and over again, I wouldn't change a thing," Nadia said. Nadim Feghali, another legal expert and religious court lawyer, defined adoption as a way of providing a new family and home for children who can no longer live with their ''birth'' family. It is a legal process by which the adopted by which the adopted child becomes a full and permanent member of their new family. "The adopted child will take on their new parents' surname, and will gain the rights of any natural children including inheritance rights," Feghali said, "and when they have adopted the child, the adoptive parents take on the responsibility to care for that child emotionally, economically and physically as if they were their own." Currently, around five social services and adoption homes in Lebanon, have the responsibility of making sure that vulnerable children and toddlers are safe, cared for and grow up in a stable family environment with approved adoptive parents who are trained and dedicated to raising them. "The decision to place a child for adoption is not taken lightly, and adoption will only be considered when it's not possible or suitable for a child to remain with their birth family," said Dalal Merhebi, a kindergarten teacher at a renowned Lebanese orphanage. "Choosing to adopt a child is not a decision that can be made easily." However, with adoption in Lebanon being surrounded by many negative hues and difficulties, fostering is a bit more tolerated. "Fostering is a way of providing an alternative family life for children and young people who cannot live at home with their own family," Unan said. "This may be because a parent is ill or needs short term support, or, more seriously, because the child is unable to return home and needs a long-term family." Fostering, according to Unan, may involve looking after a child for a night or two, at weekends, for a few months, or for a number of years. "Fostering is another alternative for adoption," Unan said, "and it's working well in Lebanon, due to the numerous complications that the religious impose on the adoptive parents." According to Samir Khalaf, sociologist, the majority of the children placed for adoption will have had an unsettled early life and may have physical, emotional and educational delay. "Apart from their clearly identified individual needs, all the children placed for adoption will have a need for stability and will have experienced loss in their lives," Khalaf said. "Some may have been abused or neglected and may display challenging behavior." Some of them, Khalaf also added, do not know how it feels to be part of a stable family or to have a meaningful relationship with an adult. "These children want to feel safe and secure and be looked after by parents who will love and protect them," Khalaf said. | |||
Ecrit par laurencia à 01:00 dans ARTICLES DE PRESSE Lu 852 fois.
Lundi (30/08/04)
Government fails to embrace orphans.Orphanage receives some 18 children every year
Daily Star,By Maya Abou Nasr .Tuesday, August 31, 2004
Government fails to embrace orphans
Orphanage receives some 18 children every yearIssuing IDs for abandoned children is difficult process in Lebanon
By Maya Abou Nasr
Daily Star staff
Tuesday, August 31, 2004Kona Body"> http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_ID=1&article_ID=7898&categ_id=2
BEIRUT: Rudely disrupting nine-year old Fadi's deepest hopes, his best friend at the orphanage, Sara, told him one day that there was no point in trying to find his parents.
"If they wanted you, they wouldn't have given you up," she said with a simple shrug of her shoulders.
Fadi, one of Lebanon's untold number of parentless children, remained defiant: He would take his case to a local television station, hoping that they, at least, could help him find his parents.
Unfortunately, his effort did not get very far.
According to advocates, Fadi and Sara are living testament to one of the civil war's most unpleasant legacies: Thousands of children whose parents were killed, kidnapped, or went missing as a result of 15 years of strife.
Their whimpers have been heard in garbage cans, at churches or mosque doors, in the streets, at hospital doors or near orphanages. Sometimes, their innocence has been violated by their own parents.
"The civil war and the chaos that accompanied it led to cases of rape and unwanted pregnancies," said Doctor Said Mekkawi at Hammoud Hospital in Sidon.
"Some women are raped, others get pregnant with their consent," he said.
Mekkawi said that abandoning a child usually makes these women feel guilty. Indeed, most quickly regret what they did.
According to Mekkawi, these mothers also often monitor their child's status from a distance, following his or her growth."However, none of them came back to take her child," he added.
Mekkawi explained that whenever children ask about their parents, they are told that they are orphans.
"We tell them their parents died during the war," he said. "Children whose parents are alive enjoy the protection these kids do not ... We have a team to take care of them, we provide them with financial assistance and rehabilitation and we protect them. Yet, we cannot replace their parents."
Explaining how the hospital handles cases of abandoned children, Mekkawi said after they receive legal papers issued by the state prosecutor, the baby undergoes examinations at the hospital, after which time the child is sent to the orphanage.
Some of the most serious problems arise, however, when the child must start to attend school.
"It is not easy to issue an ID for him," Mekkawi said, a seemingly minor point that can create bureaucratic and emotional hassles.
Even though the orphanage manages to get the children under their care IDs, Mekkawi pointed out that they face a serious problem since the expression "mothers and fathers unknown," is written on the children's identification papers.
"This expression has a very bad impact on a child's morale," he said. "However, we have succeeded over the last two years to put false names of fathers and mothers on their IDs," Mekkawi added.
The doctor said the government in many instances does not do enough to secure the welfare of orphans.
"The society has no mercy on them, and does not respect them," he said. "Orphans need to be strong, so gossip they might face does not affect them."
Mekkawi criticized the government's failure to embrace these children, saying nongovernmental organizations end up shouldering the burden and taking responsibility for them. "Civil society organizations can embrace unwanted children for a certain period of time. However, instead of addressing the most critical issues by giving them official papers and providing them with job opportunities, the government is complicating their lives.
http://www.dailystar.com.lb
"Although the orphan might have an amount of money that would allow him to start a new life, it would be hard for him to live outside the orphanage, since he fears the society. Orphans have psychological problems, and the institution cannot do much for them," Mekkawi said, adding that Sidon orphanages have stopped receiving unwanted children, because they are currently overwhelmed.
He drew attention to another difficulty facing the orphanage: "Some people come to the orphanage trying to bargain with us and pay money to get or adopt the baby," he said.
"I know that some people are eager to have a child. However, these are the rules. In Islam, there is no adoption. It is more about a foster-parent relationship," Mekkawi said, referring to the "Kafala" system known in Islam, which allows people to take care of orphans and unwanted children without having to adopt them.
A nun at La Creche Saint Vincent, which has been caring for orphans since 1948, said they were used to having three to four newborn infants arrive each week 40 years ago. "However, currently, a small number arrive, and most of the time, the child is handicapped."
The nun added that a child arrived earlier this year at the orphanage. "Unfortunately, he had head problems and is dying now! We have sent him to Mere Theresa, who usually takes care of handicapped."
Wafaa al-Baba, the director-general of the Islamic Orphanage Dar al-Aytam al-Islamiya described what he termed the precarious psychological status of unwanted children, saying that whenever they learn of their history, they quickly become bitter and frustrated.
"They develop a certain kind of bitterness toward society," she said.
According to Baba, the mother is not the one to be held responsible. "The father usually escapes his responsibilities and she always falls in the trap."
Baba said the orphanage receives around 15-18 children each year. "Nowadays, children at 6 and 7 are abandoned. We have received a 6-year-old handicapped child holding his belongings in his arms."
"We only accept the child through the office of the state prosecutor. As a social care institution, we issue them birth certificates and identity cards. If parents show up, we would just follow up the issue at the social level and try to make sure that they recognize their filiations, since the state prosecutor is the authority concerned with handling the baby if parents appear."
Baba also stressed that unwanted children can suffer from psychological, health and social problems. "There is nothing more helpless than unwanted children, who desperately struggles to survive. They might be sick, because their mother might have used medicines to abort, which would certainly affect them a lot."
The problem, she said lies in the fact that "we don't have any historical file for them, which causes more problems and complications. This is why the institution helps these children according to the treatment their case requires ... We are here to take care of them and take the place of their family, home and school."
Ecrit par laurencia à 01:00 dans ARTICLES DE PRESSE Lu 581 fois.

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